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Physical Education and Sports for CWSN (Children with Special Needs -Divyang) Class-11th chapter-4

byCOMMERCEINTELLIGENT July 12, 2021

PHYSICAL EDUCATION

INTRODUCTION 

Now a days physical education is not only meant for common fit person but also for physically challenged people who participate with full  enthusiasm in sports. It is named as adaptive physical education. They have competitions of these activities not only at national level like special Olympic Bharat, Deaflympic and many more. The process of APE (Adaptive physical educations )includes human development, Motors, Behavior exercise science , measurement and evaluations unique attributes of learners curriculum theory and development , assessment, instructions design and planning ethics and communications. The health and social benefits that physical activities offer may be even more important for the students with disabilities. So main aim of ADE is to prepare students to cope with difficulties in life. it helps the students with disabilities to engage in regular to moderate physical activity. It will  motivate the student to live in positive environment   by involving them in these activities. We should encourage and boost these activities. in many institutions there are specialized people who help and assist the smooth conduct of physical educations programmer like counselor, occupations the rapist, physical education teacher, etc. they play an important role to boost physical educations programmer. This unit will guide us in physical educations and sports for all.

Adaptive Physical Educations( AIMS and Objective )

Adapted Physical Education can be defined as "a diversified programme of developmental activities, games, sports and rhythms, suited to the interests, capacities and limitations of students with disabilities, who may not safely or successfully engage in unrestricted participation in the general physical education programme." Adapted physical education provides safe, personally satisfying and successful experiences related to physical activity for the children who are disabled. In fact, it is a direct service, not a related services. It can be applied for infants and even toddlers who need early intervention services because of developmental delays in physical, cognitive, communication, social and emotional aspects. Adapted physical education is not only for disabled infants and students but also for the people of all ages.

Aims and Objectives of Adapted Physical Education

physical education is recognized as an indispensable portion of the school curriculum because of its many faceted benefits. It helps students attain physical, emotional, mental and social prowess. All these eventually build-up their self-esteem - a quality that is not as simple to acquire as it appears to be. Children with disabilities such as mental retardation speech or hearing impairment, autism, etc. find it harder to compete with their abled peers on the same level. This is why physical education is especially essential for disabled students. To include them, adaptive physical education was introduced as a sub- discipline. It is a modified or individualized programme that caters to the special needs of disabled students. With specialized curriculum designs, it creates a space for them to realise physical and mental well-being.

Adaptive physical education aims to:
  • Develop fundamental motor skills and patterns of students with disabilities, such as running throwing catching, etc.
  • Help students to improve their balance, coordination and posture.
  • Bring about their participation in activities such as dance, aquatics and other sports.
  • Make them realise healthy self-esteem through increased physical independence.
  • Reduce health complications.

Principles of Adapted Physical Education

For the implementation of Adapted Physical Education programme, there are a few principles to be kept in mind which are given below:

1. Medical Check-up: The success of the adapted Physical Education programme largely depends upon the medical check- up of the students without medical examination. We cannot know the type of disability and percentage of disability of the student which he is facing. So, a complete medical examination must be done.

2. Interest of the Students Must be Taken Into Consideration : The programmes of Adapted Physical Education must be based on the interests, abilities, previous experience, capacity and limitations of the students. The teachers or programme planners must have a deep knowledge about limitations, interests, aptitudes, etc. of the students. After that they may prepare the programme and provide the programme.

3.Special Types of Equipment should be Used: The equipment or objects should be according to the needs of the students. The equipment should be designed in such a way that special students may used and the equipment should be according to the level of students. The equipment should be colorful, vary in size, weight and attractive. For visual impairment, the equipment should have some bell so that they know about their equipment because the ball with bell make sound or rolling. For striking, catching and throwing, bigger balls should be provided. Ayarn should be tied to the ball to bring the ball back to the students. So, various types of equipment should be provided for disabled students according to their disabilities.

4.Rules and Regulations Should be improvised : The rules and regulations should be simple and modified from time to time according to the requirement of the disabled special students. There should be modification should be done in such a way that the special students take extra interest and more students take part in the activity.

5.Special Environment should be Given: The playing area for the special students should be limited as movement capabilities of such students are limited and need rest between the activity. Specially in case of students who have autism, they must be provide specific play area because they may need some time to relax. Light and sound are also vital for making good environment for such students.

6.Different Teaching Strategies should be Used: The teachers should use a variety of instrumental teaching strategies to the special students so that they can understand their teaching should be used. It can give an opportunity to the students to start learning on their own and to become more independent. Pictorial books are also very vital in terms of instructions Some students need to listen and see what they are supposed to do the whole day.

Organization Promoting Adaptive Sports
(Special Olympic Bharat, Paralympics, Deaflympics)

1. Special Olympic Bharat

Founded in 1987 as Special Olympics India, it is a programme of Special Olympics International authorised to conduct Special Olympics for sportspersons with intellectual disabilities in India. Its name was changed to Special Olympic Bharat in 2001. It is now a National Sports Federation registered under the Indian Trust Act 1882 and the official nodal agency for all disabilities.

The Special Olympics was begun by Eunice Kennedy Shriver, the sister of former US Special President John F Kennedy, who believed in providing equal rights and opportunities to everyone, including people with intellectual disabilities for whom sports could act as a Olympics motivating factor for the stimulation of physical and mental growth. Following this principle, Special Olympic Bharat aims to work for the inclusion of this previously neglected group in Bharat the field of sports. Till now, it has drawn an impressive number of nearly nine lakh athletes
from all over the country In its own words, Special Olympic Bharat believes that: People with intellectual disabilities can also learn, enjoy and benefit from participation in sports, with the right help encouragement Consistent training helps develop their sports skills, and competing with those with equal abilities, tests those ska measures their progress and provides incentives for personal growth. Sports strengthens and benefits people with intellectual disability physically, mentally, socially and spiritually. ita helps their families and the community at large, both through participation and observation.

Vision

The vision of Special Olympic Bharat is to :

  • Promote holistic development and training that goes beyond the classrooms and brings the participants to the sports arenas, and further to the larger cultural and community spaces.
  • Encourage children to join and remain in school so that they receive the same education as their more abled counterparts.
  • Produce inspiring role models and also to a moral and beneficial incentive to parents to send their children to school for both academic education and participation in sports.
  • Prepare and sensitive teachers to the specific needs of special children and build a cadre of physical education teacher from among the disabled community with the ability to work both within and outside of the school.
  • Involve the community at large for understanding and accepting people with intellectual disabilities and encourage local people to volunteer.
  • Make sure that all Special Olympic Bharat activities reflect the Olympic movement values and standards. 

Mission

Special Olympic Bharat aims to provide year-round sports training and athletic competition. The types of sports included the curriculum are all Olympic approved sports. Both children and adults with intellectual disabilities are covered in programmes, thereby giving them a chance to strengthen their physique, boost their self-esteem and stimulate their emotional and social intelligence by engaging them in an atmosphere of active, and healthy communication and friendship.

Oath

"Let me win. But if I cannot win, let me be brave in the attempt."
Achievements

(a) Organized competitions in a wide variety of disciplines since 2002 on the national level, such as National Game
National Floor Hockey Championships, National Football and Table Tennis Championship, National Volleyball and Basket Championship and National Badminton Championship.

(b)Athletes from Special Olympic Bharat have participated in World Winter Games and World Summer Games. Up to 2017, they have won 359 gold, 353 silver and 423 bronze medals in the world summer and world winter games bringing a total of 1135 medals.(c) Around 400 sportspersons participated in the first Regional Asia Pacific Games held in 2013. Special Olympics Bharat brought home a total of 387 medals, with 111 gold, 136 silver and 140 bronze.
(d) A total of 23,750 athletes participated in the five National Games held between 2001 and 2011.

2. Paralympics Games

The Paralympic Games are an international multi-sporting event involving athletes with a variety of physical and intellectual disabilities, including mobility disabilities, amputation, blindness, short stature, and cerebral palsy. The International Paralympic committee (IPC) oversees the organization of these Games, which are held immediately after the Summer and Winter Olympics as Summer Paralympic Games and Winter Paralympic Games respectively.
The Paralympic movement was started by Sir Ludwig Guttmann, who believed in the power of sports to change lives for the better. He valued the ability of sports and competing in sports for those with disabilities. He envisioned how they could overcome their physical limitations to the greatest extent possible, and how they could also build their self-esteem by performing well. Guttman, a Jewish German who had fled Nazi Germany and was working at the Stoke Mandeville Hospital, organised the first games for the disabled in 1948. The participants were British World War II veteran patients with spinal cord injuries. The games were given the name '1948 International Wheelchair Games'.



The Mandeville Games became quite popular. They were held right after the Rome Olympics of 1960 in the same city Over time, the number of participants increased to 400 athletes and 23 nations. In 1976, events for amputees and visually impaired sportspersons were added, and in 1980 athletes with cerebral palsy could participate for the first time.
A governing body was finally formed in 1982 called the International Coordination Committee of World Sports
Organisations for the Disabled (ICC). The term 'Paralympic' was officially used in the 1988 Summer Paralympics in Seoul, South Korea - the first time the games were held in the same Olympic host city and permitted to use the same facilities. Though the first Winter Paralympics happened in Ornskoldsvik, Sweden, in 1977, it was only in 1992 that the Winter Paralympics enjoyed the same privileges as their summer counterpart to make use of the host city's Olympic facilities. 
The IPC replaced the ICC in 1989. In 1994, the IPC organized its first Paralympic Games. It consists of 176 National Paralympic Committees (NPC) and four disability-specific international sports federations. Although the IPC is a separate body, it has close working ties with the IOC with members on the latter s committee participation. Its headquarters are located in Bonn, Germany.
The motto of the Paralympic Games is 'Spirit in Motion, and its symbol are three asymmetrical crescents called agito, circling around a central point. The crescents are red, blue and green in color. The French musician Thierry Darnis composed the anthem ‘Hymne de IAvenir' (Anthem of the Future').

Opening Ceremony of Paralympic Games

The opening ceremony begins with the hoisting of the host country's flag and rendition of its national anthem. After the national anthem, the athletes come for march past into the stadium grouped according to their nations. All the nations enter the stadium alphabetically according to the host country's chosen language. However, the host country's athletes enter last.
into the stadium. After that host nation presents its culture in the form of music, dance and singing, etc. Formal opening of the games is announced. At last, Paralympic torch is brought into the stadium and passed on until it reaches to the final torch bearer who finally lights the Paralympic flame.

Closing Ceremony

After the conclusion of all the sports events, the closing ceremony begins. Flag bearers from each participating country enter the stadium, followed by the athletes who enter together without any national distinction. The Paralympic flag is taken down. The games are officially closed and the Paralympic flame is extinguished.

 International Paralympic Committee 

It is global governing body of the Paralympic movement. The International Paralympic Committee organises the Summer and Winter Paralympic Games. It also serves as the International Federation for nine sports, for which it supervises and coordinates the world championship and other competitions. Its visions is to enable Paralympic athletes to achieve sporting excellence and inspire and excite the world'. It was established on 22 September 1989. Its headquarter is in Bonn (Germany). Its main aim is to develop sports opportunities for all the people with an
impairment from the beginner to the elite level.

Categories

The International Paralympic Committee has established ten disability categories including Paralympic Committee
physical, visual and intellectual impairment. Athletes with one of these disabilities can participate in the Paralympic Games though not every sport can allow for every disability category. Physical impairment or disability includes impaired muscle power, impaired passive range of movement, loss of limb, leg length difference, short stature, etc. Visual impairment includes impairment of one or more component of visual system. Intellectual disability includes the significant impairment of intellectual functioning. The International Paralympic Committee mainly serves athletes with physical and visual disabilities whereas intellectual disability has been added to some Paralympic games.

3. Deaflympics

Deaflympics (previously called World Games for the Deaf and International Games for the Deaf) are an International Olympic Committee (IOC)-sanctioned event in which only deaf athletes compete at an elite level. This event is organised after every four years, with both summer and winter games held alternately after a gap of two years. First held in Paris in 1924, it is the second oldest multination sports tournament. Over the years, it has gone by several other names, such as 'International Games for the Deaf from 1924 to 1965, the World Games for the Deaf from 1966 to 1999. The games were also sometimes referred to as 'World Silent Games. The name Deaflympics' was adopted in 2001. Since its inception, it has been organized by Committee International des Sports des Sourds (CISS, “The International Committee of Sports for the Deaf). The CISS was recently renamed 'Le Committee International des Sports des Sourds' (The International Committee of Sports for the Deaf, or ICSD). The CISS was inducted into IOC
in 1955.
Though the Games started with just 148 athletes from nine countries, 336 participants from 27 nations participated in the 2015 Winter Deaflympics, while 3148 athletes from 97 countries competed in the 2017 Summer Deaflympics.

Concept of Inclusion, Its Need and Implementation

Concept of Inclusion

Inclusive Education is an approach to educate both normal and students with disabilities or with special educational needs together. Inclusive education means normal students and special needs students learn while sharing the same physical space and interacting socially and academically. It can be stated that in this education differently abled children are educated with normal children within the same roof. It brings all students together in one classroom and community. In inclusive education students with special needs spend most of their time with non-special needs students. Inclusion completely rejects the use of specific school or classrooms to separate students with disabilities from students without disabilities.


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